Course Codes and Description

COURSE CODES AND DESCRIPTION

Part 1: B.Sc Parasitology and Entomology Four Year Programme

Courses that any student shall satisfy before graduation are as indicated below:

			YEAR ONE
			First Semester
S/No		Course Code		Course Title	Total Credits
1		GSS 101		Use of English I	1
2		GSS 105		Humanities	2
3		GSS 107		Nigerian People and Culture	2
4		GSS 108		Basic Igbo Studies I	1
5		BIO 101		General Biology I	2
6		BIO 103		General Biology Practical I	1
7		ICH 101		Basic Organic Chemistry	2
8		ICH 111		Basic Inorganic Chemistry	2
9		PHY 101		General Physics I	3
10		MAT 101		General Mathematics I	3
11		CSC 101		Introduction to Computer Programming I	3
				Total	22
			Second Semester
S/No	Course Code		Course Title			Total Credits
1	GSS 102		Use of English II			1
2	GSS 106		Social Sciences			2
3	GSS 109		Basic Igbo Studies II			1
4	BIO 102		General Biology II			2
5	BIO 104		General Biology Practical II			1
6	ICH 102		Basic Physical Chemistry			2
7	PHY 102		General Physics II			3
8	MAT 102		General Mathematics II			3
9	CSC 102		Introduction to Computer Programming II			3
10	PAE 102		Introduction to Parasitology & Entomology II			3
			Total			21

 

		YEAR TWO
		First Semester
S/NO	Course Code	Course Title	Total Credits
1	ICH 201	General Organic Chemistry	2
2	BIO 201	Introduction to Biological Techniques	2
3	BIO 203	Introduction to Cell Biology	3
4	BIO 251	General Genetics	3
5	BIO 261	Introductory Ecology	2
6	BOT 201	Seedless Plants	3
7	ZOO 201	Invertebrate Zoology	3
8	PAE 271	Basic Entomology and Malacology	2
9	AMB 211	Introductory Microbiology	2
			19
		Direct Entry Students should add
10	CSC 101	Introduction to Computer Programming I	3

 

		Second Semester
S/N	Course Code		Course Title		Total Credits
1	STA 202		Statistics for Agriculture and  Biology		3
2	BCH 102		General Biochemistry		3
3	PAE 284		Parasitology and Entomology Techniques		3
4	BIO 212		Systematic Biology		2
5	BIO 232		General Physiology		3
6	BOT 204		Seed Plants		3
7	ZOO 202		Chordate Zoology		3
8	ZOO 212		General Cytology and Histology		2
			Total		22
		Direct Entry Students should add
9	CSC 102		Introduction for Computer Programming II		3
		YEAR THREE
		First Semester
S/N	Course Code	Course Title		Total Credits
1	PAE 341	Fish Parasites and Diseases		2
2	BIO 361	Principles of Ecology and field work		3
3	PAE 321	Principles of Parasite Epidemiology		3
4	PAE 381	Parasitology I (Protozoology)		3
5	PAE 311	Immunology		3
6	BIO 303	Biometry		2
7	ZOO 331	Animal Physiology and Behavior		3
8	GSS 301	Entrepreneurial studies		1
		Total		20
		Second Semester
	PAE 399	Student Industrial Work Experience (SIWES)		6
		Total		26

 

		YEAR FOUR
		First Semester
S/No	Course Code	Course Title	Total Credits
1	PAE 401	Seminar	1
2	PAE 471	Chemistry and Toxicology of Pesticides	3
3	PAE 473	Applied Entomology	3
4	PAE 483	Chemotherapy and Control of Parasitic Diseases	3
5	PAE 481	Parasite and Insect Ecology and Behaviour	3
6	PAE 487	Parasitology II (Helminthology)	3
7	PAE 421	Pathobiology of Parasitic Diseases	3
8	PAE 475	Morphology and Physiology of Insects	3
		TOTAL	22
		Second Semester
S/No	Course Code	Course Title	Total Credits
1	PAE 434	Plant Nematology	3
2	PAE 462	Human Ecology & Parasitic Infection	3
3	PAE 472	Arthropods and Arthropod-borne Diseases	3
4	PAE 474	Pest Management	3
5	PAE 486	Population Dynamics of Parasites	2
6	PAE 499	Research Project	4
		TOTAL	18

 

PART 2: COURSE DESCRIPTIONS

 

BIOLOGY COURSES

BIO 101: GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 (2 Credits)

PREREQ: ‘O’ LEVEL Biology

Cell structure and organization of cellulite organelles, diversity, characteristics, and classification of living things, general reproduction, the interrelationship of organisms, heredity and evolution, elements of ecology, and types of habitats.

 

BIO 102: GENERAL BIOLOGY II (2 Credits)

PREREQ: ‘O’ Level Biology, BIO 101

Generalized survey of plant and animal kingdoms based mainly on the study of similarities and differences in the external features and ecological adaptation of these forms.

 

BIO 103: GENERAL BIOLOGY PRACTICAL I (1 CREDIT)

PREREQ: ‘O’ LEVEL Biology

Laboratory experiments designed to illustrate the topics in BIO 101

 

BIO 104: GENERAL BIOLOGY PRACTICAL II (1 CREDIT)

PREREQ: ‘O’ Level Biology, BIO 101

Experiments are designed to illustrate the topics covered in BIO 102

 

BIO 201: INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES (3 Credits)

PREREQ: BIO 101 AND BIO 102

Microscope, preparation of temporary and permanent microscope slides. Photometry, colourimetry, chromatography, conductometry, and experimental design. Collection and preservation of biological specimens from terrestrial and aquatic habitats.

BIO 203: INTRODUCTION TO CELL BIOLOGY (3 Credits)

PREREQ: BIO 101 AND BIO 102

Detailed study of cell and cell organelles including their ultrastructure. The general structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Cytology and cytochemical methods, cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles, variation in chromosome morphology and number, polyploidy, and mutations.

BIO 212: SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY (2 Credits)

PREREQ: BIO 101 AND BIO 102

Biosystematic approach to the classification of organisms and nomenclature internationally recognized nomenclature of classification of organisms.

BIO 232: GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY (3 Credits)

PREREQ: BIO 101 AND BIO 102

(1.) Introduction to General Physiology – Matter (a) Structure of matter: chemical elements important in Biology, atomic structure, atoms and molecules, ionic bonds and covalent bonds (b) Properties of matter-Gases, Liquids, Solids (c) Organization of matter-solutions-characteristic concentration of solutions (2). Density, specific gravity, pressure, heat and temperature, specific heat (3). Thermodynamics and energy reaction -First and second laws of thermodynamics -Types of energy -Chemical reactions, synthesis reactions (Anabolism) and Decomposition reactions (catabolism) -Mechanisms of chemical reactions -Factors affecting chemical reactions -The energy of chemical reactions (4). Physiologically important molecules – Inorganic substances -Water, acids and bases, salt Acid-base balance, Buffer systems -Organic substances -Structure and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, vitamins, ATP (5) Enzymes Characteristics, specificity, reactions, control of enzyme activities (Inhibition) (6) Basic Biological Principles -The membrane structure -The transport of materials across the membrane -Diffusion, Osmosis, Filtration, Active transport, Endocytosis and Exocytosis (7). Movement in plants and animals -Nastic movements and Tropisms -Movement in animals (8). The internal environment and Homeostasis.

BIO 251: GENERAL GENETICS (3 Credits)

PREREQ: BIO 101 AND BIO 102

Historical background and Mendel’s work. Basic terminologies, chemical nature of the gene, and gene interactions. Hereditable and non-hereditable characteristics. Sex determination, inheritance in population, multiple alleles’ sex linkage, mutation, the molecular basis of inheritance (DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis). The concept and theory of evolution, variation, and natural selection. Aspects of human genetics and common genetic diseases.

BIO 261: INTRODUCTORY ECOLOGY (2 Credits)

PREREQ: BIO 101 AND BIO 102

Definitions of basic concepts. Environmental factors: abiotic and biotic factors of terrestrial and aquatic habitats, Energy flow, and nutrient cycling in various ecosystems. Major biomes of the world. Population parameters, basic sampling techniques for both plants and animals.

 

BIO 303: BIOMETRY (2 Credits)

PREREQ: STAT 20

Definitions of terms: frequency, Pie-chart, Normal distribution, and its deviations, measurement of variance, sampling distribution, and analysis: t-test, X2 (chi-squared), F-values; U-test, K-test, etc. Hypothesis testing; all aspects of experimental design through analysis of variance. Probability theory, correlation, and regression analysis. Sample selection methods, Software packages (Epi info and SPSS)

 

BIO 361: PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY AND FIELDWORK (3 Credits)

PREREQ: BIO 261

Sampling techniques for plant, animals, and environmental factors in local terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The ecosystem concept, community attributes and species diversity, community metabolism, and community dynamics. Local biotic communities, man and his environment. Extensive fieldwork and written reports.

ZOOLOGY COURSES

ZOO 201: INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY (3 Credits)

PRE REQ: BIO 101, BIO 102 AND PAE 102

General characteristics, organization, classification, interrelationships, life history, adaptations, economic, the importance of the invertebrate phyla with selected examples from protozoa to arthropod.

Z00 202: CHORDATE ZOOLOGY (3 Credits)

PREREQ: ZOO 201

General characteristics, organization, comparative morphology and anatomy, classification, range of form, origin, evolution, relationships, and general biology of the proto-chordates, Pisces, Amphibian, Reptiles, Aves, and Mammalia.

ZOO 212: GENERAL CYTOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY (2 Credits)

PREREQ: ZOO 201

Light, phase – contrast, dark-field and electron microscopy, autoradiography, fluorescence, cell cycle, introductory cytogenetics. Detailed structure and functions of tissues and organs of vertebrates, histological techniques.

ZOO 331: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR (3 Credits)

PREREQ: ZOO 201 AND 202

Principles of physiology in animals, functional inter-relationships of the different organs and organ systems in animals, metabolic processes, control systems, reproduction, heredity and adaptation, principles of animal behaviour, reflexes, sense organs, stimuli, biological rhythms, instinct, learning, conflict behaviour in animals from invertebrates to vertebrates.

BOTANY COURSES

BOT 201: SEEDLESS PLANTS (3 Credits)

PREREQ: BIO 01 AND BIO 102

The fundamental structure and functions of Cryptogam, the environmental features, agricultural and industrial importance, evolutionary sequence of members of the Thallophyta (Bacteria, Fungi, and Algae). Bryophyta (Liverworts, Hornworts and Mosses) and Pteridophyta will also be studied

BOT 204: SEED PLANTS (3 Credits) PREREQ: BIO 101 AND BIO 102

Morphological study of the stems, roots, leaves, flowers, and fruits of Angiosperms, including their modifications. Seed structure and germination.

 

 

PARASITOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY COURSES

PAE 102: INTRODUCTION TO PARASITOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY (3 Credits)

PREREQ: ‘O’ Level BIOLOGY

1. Introduction and scope of parasitology: definition of parasitology, concept of parasitism, other animal associations; different types of parasites such as endoparasites, ectoparasites, temporal parasites, permanent parasites, facultative parasite, obligatory parasites.
2. Branches of Parasitology: medical parasitology, veterinary parasitology, structural parasitology, quantitative parasitology, parasite ecology, conservation of parasites, taxonomy and phylogenetics, etc.
3. Concept and evolution of parasitic mode of life; classification of parasites.
4. Host-parasite relationships; host specificity and susceptibility; host responses to parasite infection; population biology; accommodation and tolerance in the host-parasite relationship.
5. Introduction to protozoan parasites of man, animals, fishes and plants: forms, function and classification of protozoan parasites.
6. Introduction to helminth parasites of man, plants, fishes and animals: forms, functions and classification of helminth parasites. Introduction to plant parasitic nematodes.
7. (a.) Public health and economic importance of parasites (b.) control strategies for parasitic diseases. (c.) Environmental and Socio-economic determinants of parasitic infections.
8. Introduction to Entomology and insect ecology.
9. Economic importance of insects. Classification of insects and other arthropods. External and internal anatomy, Physiology, behavior, and evolution of insects. General biology of insects. Methods of controlling insects.
10. Introduction to insect pests of man, plants, fishes and animals: forms, functions and classification. Other arthropod pests.
11. Identifying common insects across all orders. Developing skills in insect collecting, preservation, curation, and imaging.
12. Reviews and long essays on basic Parasitology and Entomology.

 

PAE 271: BASIC ENTOMOLOGY AND MALACOLOGY (2 Credits)

PRE REQ: BIO 101, BIO 102 AND PAE 102

Introduction to the Phylum Arthropoda and its constituent classes. Genera; characteristics of Arthropods and their relative importance in the animal kingdom, the classes insect and Arachnida and their relationship to human health, agriculture, and commerce. General biology of insects – holometabolous and hemimetabolous cycles including types of larvae and pupae, hypermetamorphosis, growth, and moulting. External features and internal anatomy of insects, using specific insect groups. Principles and methods of control of arthropod pests. Introduction to freshwater snails with respect to medical and veterinary importance. Basic classification of freshwater snails. Anatomy and life cycles of freshwater snails. Basic ecology of freshwater snails. Population dynamics to ecological factors (temperature, sunlight, PH, Vegetation, etc). Principles and methods of control of freshwater snails.

PAE 284: PARASITOLOGICAL AND ENTOMOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES (3 Credits)

PREREQ: ZOO 201 AND ZOO 202

Introduction to the techniques of handling parasitological and entomological materials. Collection and rearing of insects including maintenance of laboratory cultures of insects. Examination of human and animal bodies for ectoparasites, temporary and permanent preparation/preservation of insects, dissection of different systems of the insect, collection and preparation of parasitological materials-sputum, excreta, blood, etc. Various staining methods, fixation, and preservation of parasitological materials, use of different reagents and solutions: Entomological and parasitological drawings.

PAE 311: IMMUNOLOGY (3 Credits)

PREREQ: ZOO 201

(1). Introduction – Definition of terms, Meaning of Immunology, Immunity, antigenic determinants of cellular response Immune response, Origin of immune response in evolution, Types of immune response (primary and secondary, humoral and cell-mediated) (2). Role of lymphoid tissue and thymus in immune response (3) Antigens Structure -Antigenic determinants (4) Antibodies and immunoglobulins -Structure, production mechanisms, mechanisms and theories of antibody interactions, theories -Ig classes, function and biological activities (5) Development of immunological competence/tolerance  (6) Complement system (7) Immunity to parasitic infection (helminths, malaria, etc.) (8) Autoimmunity, autoimmune diseases (9) Hypersensitivity, allergic reaction (10) Immunopathology (11) Vaccines, Vaccine development and techniques (12) Blood serum components (13) therapeutic and prophylactic application of immunology.

PAE 321: PRINCIPLES OF PARASITE EPIDEMIOLOGY (3 Credits)

An introduction to the subject of epidemiology, including incidence, prevalence, perspectives in the control of infections, the epidemiological significance of special diseases is treated to illustrate the principles.

 

PAE 341: FISH PARASITES AND DISEASES (2 Credits)

PRE REQ: PAE 102; ZOO 202

(1). Introduction to fish parasites and diseases as an aspect of veterinary parasitology; Importance and research areas in the course fish parasites and diseases (2) The aquatic environment: Interactions between host, pathogen and environment and the outbreak of diseases (3) Ectoparasites and other enemies of fish including harmful pests, insects, amphibians, reptiles, other fishes, birds and mammals. (4) Fish diseases caused by bacteria (5) Fish diseases caused by fungi (6) Fish diseases caused by viruses (7) Fish diseases caused by protozoans (8) Fish diseases caused by Helminths (9) General methods of control of fish parasites and diseases

 

 

PAE 381: PARASITOLOGY I (Protozoology) (3 Credits)

PRE REQ: PAE 102 AND PAE 271

(1). General introduction: Animal associations – commensalism, Phoresis, Parasitism, Mutualism -Classification of the protozoans (2)  Life cycle, Biology, Pathology and Pathogenesis/Pathology (3) Epidemiology /Epizootiology and control (Prevention, Treatment) of the following: The Flagellates: i. Leishmania, ii. Trypanosoma, iii. Giardia, iv. Trichomonas -Protozoans with pseudopodia: The amoebae: i. Entamoeba histolytica, ii. Naegleria spp, iii. Acanthamoeba spp-The Sporozoans: Tissue cyst-forming coccidians: Toxoplasma gondii, Haemosporina: Plasmodium, Haemosporina other than Plasmodia: Babesia, Theilaria, Cryptosporidium, The ciliate: Balantidium coli, Opalina ranarum

PAE 399: SIWES (6 Credits)

A student Industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) which lasts for six (6) months in the second semester of the third year of study is built into the undergraduate program. During this period, students will be exposed to such establishments concerned with human health and disease surveillance, animal health, agriculture, environmental management as well as industries for food and drug production and quality control. This will give the students the practical experience of the knowledge acquired in the classroom.

 

PAE 401: SEMINAR (1 Credit)

Literature research/review on a selected topic under staff guidance written up and presented in class and finally submitted as a dissertation.

 

PAE 421: PATHOBIOLOGY OF PARASITIC DISEASES (3 Credits)

PRE REQ: PAE 321 AND PAE 381

The various ways in which parasites cause injury or damage to their host, trauma or physical damage, necrosis, toxic and allergic phenomenon, host tissue reaction and pathway to secondary infections, the biology of diseases – protozoa, helminth. Pathogenesis of parasitic infections due to modes of attachment, nutrition, mode of entry, mode of exit. Pathology, clinical manifestations and molecular pathophysiology of Protozoan infections. Pathology, clinical manifestations and molecular pathophysiology of helminth infections. Pathobiology of arthropod-borne viral infections.Secondary infections and complications due to them: virus and parasite co-infection; bacteria and parasite co-infection; fungi and parasite co-infection.

 

PAE 434: PLANT NEMATOLOGY (3 Credits)

(1). Introductory lecture: Historical perspectives in Plant -What are nematodes? Their general characteristics and economic importance -General aspects including Bisexualism (Oviparity, ovoviviparity), Hermaphroditism (Syngonium, Digonism), Duner lorava, Eutely etc) -Adaptive radiation in nematodes -Origin of plant parasitism: feeding mechanism in plant-parasitic forms (Endo/Ectoparasites) Sedentary and Migratory parasites) (2) Important genera of plant parasites and nematode diseases of important crops -Biology, symptoms, damage and control of Meloidogyne, Heterodera, Scutellonema, Pratylenchus species etc (3) Nematode control: principles and methods to include: -Chemical, Biological, Physical, Cultural methods etc -Land management -Environmental influence on survival and pathogenicity of plant-parasitic nematodes -Review of important taxonomic characters -General classification of nematodes -Identification of nematodes from the kingdom through the class to species (4). Nematode Sampling and extraction -Mechanical/Physical methods including Sedimentation, Floatation, Centrifugation and Elutriation using Ceinhurst method, Christie-Peary method, Baerman funnel and Pie Pan method etc -Extraction/Isolation and temporary mounts of nematodes from plant tissue e.g roots, seeds and tubers -Soil extraction of nematodes (5). Pathogenicity studies -Host-Parasite relationship and disease complex involving nematodes -Nematode-fungi interaction -Nematode-bacteria interaction -Nematode-virus interaction (NEPO and NETU viruses) (6) General morphology and anatomy of nematodes -General organization and orientation of nematodes -Diagnostic features of male and female nematodes (their general morphology) -Life cycles and local distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes -Feeding habits in nematodes: free-living, carnivorous, phytophagous and detritus feeders -The stoma and its associated structures -Different types of styles -The oesophagus and it’s modifications -Types and orientation of reproductive organs in males and females, and types of reproduction -The cuticle and its derivatives -Internal anatomy -The body wall, Musculature, Nervous system, Alimentary system, Hypodermis, Reproductive system, Pseudocoelom (7) Locomotion -Types of movement in nematodes

 

PAE 462: HUMAN ECOLOGY AND PARASITIC INFECTIONS (3 Credits)

PRE REQ: PAE 321

The principles of parasitic infections as it relates to man and his environment. Topics include the evolution of man, human life cycle, racist and sexual differences in man to parasitic infections, Evolution of parasites: Preadaptation, some evolutionary pathways, adaptation to multiple hosts, human behaviour and parasitic infections, the transmission of parasitic infections under natural environments -lakes, rivers, stream and manmade environments -afforestation, deforestation, dam, irrigation. Migration and transmission of parasitic diseases.

 

PAE 471: CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES (3 Credits)

PRE REQ: PAE 271

(1). Introduction to chemistry and toxicology of pesticides – Definition of major terms (2) Major groups of pesticides regarding their chemical structures, their physical, chemical and biological properties. (3) Pesticide formulations; emulsifying agents and other additives (4) Modes of action of pesticides (5) Extraction of pesticides from plant materials (6) Pesticide application methods -Dosage calculation -Types, maintenance and calibration of equipment (7) Pesticide resistance – Mechanisms of resistance (8) Detection and monitoring of resistance – probit analysis (9) Movement of pesticides in the environment (10) Health hazards associated with pesticide use (11) Safety requirements in the use of pesticides.

 

PAE 472: ARTHROPODS AND ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES (3 Credits)

PRE REQ: PAE 271 AND PAE 381

(1). Introductory Lectures – The Arthropods – an overview and their importance in human, livestock and agricultural economy -The general characteristics of the Phylum Arthropoda -Phenology and classification of Arthropoda including the specific characteristics of the various classes. The insect, Arachnida, crustacean etc (2) Control: General and specific methods of controlling agricultural and medically important arthropods -Use of insecticides in vector management -Environmental manipulation, physical and biological agents -Genetics methods of control of arthropod vectors – SIT/ Autocidal control (3) Arthropod pests and vectors of veterinary importance Types of livestock, diseases transmitted by arthropods. Special features and vector characteristics of arthropods Life cycle, classification and behaviour of tsetse fly, mites, hard and soft ticks, housefly and blowfly -Biological and mechanical transmission of livestock diseases – cattle, sheep, goat etc -Treatment/management of livestock diseases transmitted by arthropods -control of arthropod vectors of livestock disease (Environmental, chemical and genetic control) (4) Arthropod pests and vectors of human diseases. Types of human diseases vectored by arthropods  -Vector characteristics, life-cycle and behaviour and transmission efficiency of mosquitoes, house fly, mites, fleas, black flies, sand flies, sucking and biting lice, tabanids, poison/venom producing spiders, scorpions, insect caterpillars etc -Treatment/management of arthropod-borne diseases of man -Control of arthropod vectors of human diseases (Chemical, genetic and environmental aspects) (5) Etiology, pathology and treatment of Arthropod transmitted Diseases of man to include malaria, yellow fever, filariasis, cholera, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, onchocerciasis -Human behaviour vs Vector/Disease control  (6) Importance of health education and community participation in vector control (the concepts of Primary Health Care – PHC; Roll-Back Malaria and Global 2000, KAP)

PAE 473: APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY (3 Credits)

PRE REQ: PAE 271

This course is an introduction to the study of the main groups of insects and mites to human welfare and the economy with an emphasis on agriculture and public health. Stored products Entomology, Nature of damage and losses caused by insects and mites on stored products, detection of infestation in stored products, management, and control of stored products pests. Plant Entomology: Entomology and control of the major pests of cocoa, cotton, oil and coconut palms, sugarcane, cowpea, cassava, yam, maize, sorghum, and vegetable. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, medical and veterinary importance of arthropods – arthropods as vectors and intermediate hosts of human and animal diseases. Health education and control of arthropod-borne diseases:- Importance of health education in the control of arthropod-bone diseases, the Primary Health Care (PHC) Programme – concept and level of implementation in Nigeria. The role of PHC and community participation in the control of arthropod-borne diseases. Biology of insects of medical importance e.g. mosquito, blackflies, chrysops, tse tse fly, bugs, houseflies, biting midges, cockroaches etc.

 

PAE 474: PEST MANAGEMENT (3 Credits)

PRE REQ:  PAE 271

This course deals with the general principles and practice of pest management. General principles and strategies. Ecosystems-natural, man-made, and agroecosystems, build-up of the pest population, and variations in pest status, including those of public health, veterinary and agricultural pests. Methods of crop loss assessment, economic threshold, economic injury level, pest forecasting and monitoring, Rodents, birds, and locust control. Management practices in pest control – Chemical and non-chemical methods including legislative, physical, cultural, host resistance, genetic and biological control Integrated pest Management (IPM) – Rationale, organization, and development of IPM systems analysis in pest management, case studies in pest management, socio-economic and legal aspects of pest control, application of computer technology in pest management.

 

PAE 475: MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF INSECTS (3 Credits)

PREREQ: ZOO 201 AND PAE 271

Origin and physiology of insects, classification of insects and mites. Detailed morphology of insects – external features, modification of external organs to suit habits and habitats – antennae, mouthparts, legs, etc. Anatomy and Physiology of insects,-digestive muscular, nervous, respiratory, circulatory, excretory and reproductive systems of insects, insect cuticle and the physiology of moulting; sense organs, embryonic and post-embryonic development, life histories of principal groups of insects, modes of reproduction in insects. Insect nutrition- role of vitamins, proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals and other food constituents; extra and intra-cellular microorganisms and their role in physiology; artificial diets. Effects of insecticides on insect metabolism; biochemical defense in insects.

 

 

 

 

 

PAE 481: INSECT AND PARASITE4 ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR (3 Credits)

PRE REQ: BIO 361, PAE 271 AND PAE 381

This course deals with elementary concepts of insect and parasite ecology. Trophic relations:- The trophic structure and energy flow concept in a community. Co-evolution of plants and herbivores, prey, predators, parasites, and hosts. Populations:- population growth and life tables, strategies in reproduction, population dynamics, ecological genetics, population under ecological stress, biological control. Coexistence and competition. Niche concept and division of resources, intraspecific and interspecific competition, species packing, dispersal and location of hosts by parasites, measurement of infection with host populations:- micro-and macroparasites, the frequency distribution of parasites numbers per host; the concept of incidence, prevalence, and intensity of infection. Transmission between hosts – transmission by contact, by infective agents, by ingestion, and by arthropod vectors and the factors affecting them, the influence of climatic factors – density-dependent and density-independent factors, basic reproductive rat3 and its epidemiological significance. Evolution of host-parasite interactions. Parasites as bio-indicators of ecosystem health: (a.) parasites as effect indicators of pollutant stress (b.) Parasites as environmental sentinels. Molecular mechanisms of parasite behaviour and ecological genomics.

 

PAE 487: PARASITOLOGY II (Helminthology) (3 Credits)

PRE REQ: PAE 324 AND PAE 381

(1). General classification of Helminth worms (2). Geographical spread, Morphology, Life cycle, Epidemiology, Symptoms and signs of infection, Treatment/control and prevention of Cestode infections including Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Diphylobotruim latum(fish tapeworm), Echinococcus granulosus(Hydatid disease), Echinococcus multilocularis. (3). Geographical spread, Morphology, Life cycle, Epidemiology, Symptoms and signs of infection,     Treatment/control and prevention of trematode infections( both Monogeneans and Digeneans) including Polystoma intergerinum, Fasciola hepatica and gigantica, Clornochis Sinensis, Dirocoelium dendriticum or any related species, Paragonimus westermani or any related species, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma intercalatum. (4). Geographical spread, Morphology, Life cycle, Epidemiology, Symptoms and signs of infection, Treatment/control and prevention of Nematode infections including: -The Soil-Transmitted Helminthes – Ascaris lumbricoides, Toxocara canis, Ascaris suum, Ascarida galli, Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus/Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichinella spiralis,

Haemonchus contortus (5). The Tissue Nematodes -Filarial worms (Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti);

Dracunculus medinensis, Sparganum proliferum (6). Acanthocephala -Biology of Moniliformis dubis

PAE 483: CHEMOTHERAPY AND CONTROL OF PARASITIC DISEASES (3 Credits)

PRE REQ: PAE 324 AND PAE 381

(1).Introduction : Definitions and scope – Chemotherapy, Chemoprophylaxis, other control measures outside chemotherapy (2) Drugs: meaning, chemistry, quality, side effects, limitation; Drug discovery and development; Mechanisms of drug action; Drug resistance, Treatment failure, Limiting drug resistance (3) Chemotherapy and control of soil transmitted helminthes, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis and amebiasis, trypanosomiasis, onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis (4) Malari disease burden, Chemotherapy and control with emphasis on Home management of malaria, Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (5) Integrated vector management and control of intermediate hosts of: -malaria, onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, yellow fever (6) Filarial disease and other neglected tropical diseases: burden, chemotherapy and control (7) Community Directed Intervention: Concept, Benefits and Challenges (8) Role of Civil Societies in the Control of Parasitic diseases (9) Community Diagnosis in the control of Parasitic Diseases and Role of Immunology in the control of Parasitic Diseases (diagnosis and control) (10) Sanitation and Control of Parasitic diseases (11) Disease surveillance

PAE 486: POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PARASITES (2 Credits)

PAE REQ: PAE 102 AND BIO 361

(1). Intimate associations between organisms: symbiosis, phoresis, commensalism, parasitism etc. (2) Classification of parasites (3) Types of association between parasites  -Extracellular parasites -intracellular parasites (4) Nutrient exchange in association (5) Parasite environment -soil, plant, animal -Host-parasite relationship -Effects of parasites on hosts (6) Adaptations and survival strategies of parasites (7) Population growth -Reproductive strategies of parasites -The role of environmental factors on the development, growth and survival of parasites (8)  Factors that limit parasite occurrence and abundance -Host defence mechanism -Environmental factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen, osmotic pressure etc -Nutritional factors –Chemotherapy -Competition (association with other organisms) (9) Distribution of parasites, Niche biology of parasites (10) Host-parasite dynamics and the evolution of host immunity.

 

PAE 499: PROJECT (4 Credits)

A brief research project involving an investigation of a specific parasitological and entomological issue. The project will be documented in the form of a scientific report.